Plastic Pollution - Plastic debris entry - Entanglement of marine life ↓ Degradation of marine ecosystems ↓ Chemical Pollution - Runoff/discharges - Bioaccumulation in organisms - Hormonal disruption ↓ Risks to biodiversity and human health ↓ Oil Pollution - Oil spills - Smothering of marine life - Habitat damage ↓ Compromised food security and livelihoods ↓ Overfishing - Unsustainable fishing - Ecosystem imbalance ↓ Collapse of marine ecosystems and fisheries ↓ Climate Change - Ocean warming and acidification - Coral bleaching and species shifts ↓ Degradation of biodiversity-rich ecosystems ↓ Sea Level Rise - Coastal ecosystem loss - Reduced storm surge protection ↓ Biodiversity loss and coastal vulnerability