Answer from cs61c-cm (Christopher Marcellino 15775059) for Question 2
if then else, for, while, do while, goto, () ? :, switch, break, continue,

Supposedly faster hardware can be developed with small instruction sets, as the duration of a clock cycle can be reduced more than the penalty of performing multiple operations to complete a more complicated operation. The compiler provides the abstraction of converting between higher languages like C's more complicated decision making statements so it does not affect software development.