Answer from cs61c-ee (Michael Shen 15963205) for Question 1
The C programmer associates elements of a function at the caller with the callee by putting the variables in the function call in the same order that they appear in the argument list passed to the callee.

In Verilog, variables are associated by explicitly writing the callee arguments in parantheses with the corresponding name of the caller argument to the left of these paraentheses.  Thus, the arguments are associated by pairing them up through syntax, rather than through the order in which they are listed.